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AUTHOR: 


CLOUD,  FRANK  LEVIS 


TITLE: 


USE  OF  THE  PERFECT 
TENSE  IN  THE  ATTIC... 


PLACE: 


NORISTOWN 


? 


PA 


DA  TE : 


1910 


COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARIES 
PRESERVATION  DEPARTMENT 


Master  Negative  # 


BIBLIOGRAPHIC  MICROFORM  TARGET 


Original  Material  as  Filmed  -  Existing  Bibliographic  Record 


8G7 

.5 

ze 

V. 

16 

u. 


Restrictions  on  Use: 


Cloud,  Frank  Levis. 

Use  of  the  ])erfect  tense  in  the  Attic  orators  ...    Nor- 
ristown,  Pa.,  Press  of  the  Herald  publishing  co.,  1910. 

15  p.  inch  tables.    23"". 

Thesis  (ph.  d.)— University  of  Pennsylvania. 


f  V 


«U  I 


t    t 


1.  Greek  language— Tense.    2.  Oratores  attici. 


11-27077 


Library  of  Congress 


PA347.C6 


TECHNICAL  MICROFORM  DATA 


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MPNUFfiCTURED   TO   FIIIM   STfiNDRRDS 
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H0.«^ 


USE  OF  THE  PERFECT  TENSE 


IN 


THE  ATTIC  ORATORS 


BY 


FRANK  LEVIS  CLOUD,  A.  M. 


THESIS 

PRESENTED  TO  THE  FACULTY  OF  THE  DEPARTMENT  OF 

PHILOSOPHY  OF  THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA, 

IN  PARTIAL  FULFILLMENT  OF  THE  REQUIREMENTS 

FOR  THE  DEGREE  OF  DOCTOR  OF  PHILOSOPHY. 


^RESS   OF 

THE    HERALD    PUBLISHING   CO. 

NORRISTOWN.    PA. 

1910 


1 


AUG  8  wn 


%    i     V 


^ 


The  alni  of  this  writing  is  to  set  forth  the  statistics,  the 
number  and  proportionate  distritotion  of  the  occurrences  of 
the  perfect  tense  in  the  Attic  Orators. 

Much  has  been  said  for  and  against  the  use  and  abuse 
of  the  statistical  method  of  discussing  syntactical  questions. 
Mere  enumeration  is,  of  course,  not  everything;  not  every- 
thing is  worth  counting,  nor  is  the  work  really  finished  when 
the  count  has  been  made.  Unless  there  is  some  principle 
of  usage  involved  which  the  count  may  demonstrate  or  at 
least  illustrate,  some  tendency  of  the  language  which  has 
been  gathered  or  divined  in  a  more  or  less  general  or  per- 
haps vague  way  in  advance,  the  counting  is  mere  numerical 
waste  of  time,  being  totally  without  objective  aim,  and  unless 
the  count  be  followed  up  by  careful  discussion  or  explanation, 
no  proper  end  has  been  attained.  Yet,  all  will  admit,  I  feel 
sure,  that  if  the  first  of  these  requisites  be  fulfilled,  even 
thoudi  for  the  time  the  last  be  omitted,  at  least  this  much 
has  been  obtained ;  a  basis  of  precise  fact  has  been  presented 
and  recorded  upon  which  it  will  be  possible  in  confidence  to 
build  up  a  scientific  conclusion. 

It  was  with  this  idea  in  mind  that  the  investigation  which 
has  resulted  in  this  paper  was  undertaken.  In  the  course  of 
his  reading,  the  writer  was  impressed  by  what  seemed  the 
frequency  of  the  perfect  tense  in  the  orations,  both  those  that 
are  acknowledged  as  genuine  and  those  that  are  regarded  as 
spurious,  of  Demosthenes.  Curiosity  was  aroused.  Was 
the  impression  misleading  or  would  a  careful  examination 
into  the  facts  confirm  it?  Was  there  anything  unique  in  this 
respect  in  Demosthenes,  or  was  his  practice  in  this 
point  of  a  piece  with  that  of  the  other  orators,  so  largely  his 
contemporaries?  There  was  this  further  consideration  that 
came  to  add  piquancy  to  the  question.  What  we  desire 
finally  in  our  study  of  the  Greeks,  is  to  get  at,  or  as  near  as 
may  be  to  approach  the  Greek  mind  in  its  simplicity  and  puri- 


ty,  to  strip  of!  as  far  as  may  be  done  the  outer  clothing  of  ar- 
tificiality and  convention  and  to  lay  it  bare  in  its  natural,  un- 
adorned and  uncovered  working.  If  we  could  discover  the 
people  in  their  manners  as  they  talked  in  their  unhampered 
intercourse  in  the  shop,  in  the  street,  in  the  social  gatherings, 
then  we  should  have  a  reliable  index  of  the  untutored  Greek 
mind  and  thought.  Unfortunately,  this  in  its  completeness 
is  denied  us.  We  have  only  the  literary,  which  is  as  much 
as  to  say  the  conventional  language,  to  go  upon  ;  and  it  must 
alwavs  be  a  matter  more  or  less  of  conjecture  what  elements 
in  this  represent  the  basis  of  expression  and  thought  on 
which  the  literar>'  structure  has  been  raised.  The  recent 
and  important  discovery  of  papyri  with  their  colloquial  Greek 
has  shown  in  a  striking  manner  how  much  the  popular  lan- 
guage may  have  varied  from  the  received  literary  tongue ;  or 
tihe  flood  of  light  that  has  been  thereby  thrown  on  the  lan- 
guage of  the  New  Testament  and  its  relation  linguistically 
to  the  spoken  rather  than  to  the  written  Greek  of  that  day,  is 
a  valuable  indication  of  the  light  we  might  get  from  similar 
courses  were  they  available  for  the  earlier  periods.  Unfor- 
tunately, no  such  are  at  our  service.  Under  such  conditions, 
the  best  we  can  do  is  to  have  recourse  to  those  works  of  the 
literary  inlieritance  which  from  their  subject  matter,  occa- 
sion, method  of  composition  and  publication  may  be  pre- 
sumed most  fikely  to  partake  of  popular  features.  To  this 
sphere  belong  unquestionably  along  with  Greek  comedy, 
what  of  it  remains  to  us,  the  works  of  the  Attic  Orators. 
However  finished  they  may  be  in  form,  yet  they  were  ad- 
dressed to  a  popular  audience ;  whether  written  for  delivery 
in  the  popular  assembly  or  before  a  jury  drawn  from  the  peo- 
ple in  the  law  courts,  the  subjects  were  in  all  cases  drawn 
from  matters  of  interest  to  the  public  at  large  and  the  style  of 
presentation,  and  in  particular  the  language  had  of  necessity 
to  be  adapted  to  the  comprehension  of  the  audience  addressed. 
They  had  to  be  understood  by  the  people  or  the  speeches 
would  have  been  condemned  in  advance  and  would  have  fail- 
ed, while  literary  forms  and  rhetorical  convention  are  not  and 
could  not  therefore  be  banished,  yet  they  had  to  be  adapted 


¥ 


'4^ 


to  the  minds  and  modes  of  thought  of  the  people.  It  is 
fair,  consequently,  to  believe  that  in  the  phenomena  syntacti- 
cal and  other,  we  find  in  the  orators,  we  have  direct  indica- 
tions, if  no  more  than  indications,  of  popular  usage. 

It  had  been  hoped  and  proposed  to  do  something  to- 
wards fulfilling  the  second  of  the  two  requirements  referred 
to.  But,  unfortunately,  lack  of  time  and  pressure  of  other 
w^ork  that  could  not  be  neglected,  precluded  this.  It  was 
therefore  deemed  advisable  to  publish  these  statistics,  in  the 
hope  that  they  might  be  found  useful  as  the  statement  of 
facts,  as  accurate  as  repeated  and  careful  recounting  could 
make  them,  and  might  be  available  for  somebody  else  should 
circumstances  prove  propitious,  to  build  upon  in  further 
discussions. 

The  perfect  tense    differs   in    certain   important  respects 
from   the    other    tenses    that    have    to    do    with    the    past. 
The  imperfect   deals  with   the   past    as    such    but    in    doing 
so  reviews  the  past    as    it    was  by  presenting    it    pictorially 
or   visually,    as  it    has    been    said,    to    the    mind;    in    it   the 
action   passes    in    review    before    the     mental    eye    of    the 
reader   who    becomes    in    a    sense    a    spectator   of   the    pro- 
cess and  manner  of  the  occurrence.     The  process    may    be- 
gin   at    any    point    and    may    stop    at    any    point     short     of 
actual   completion.     The  aorist  merely  notes  the  past  occur- 
rences as  a  fact.      Process  has  nothing  to  do  here ;  the  imag- 
ination is  not  called  into  play.       The  act  is  a  mere  abstrac- 
tion, as  it  were,  in  a  list :  it  has  all  the  definiteness  of  a  tabu- 
lar statement.       The  perfect,  on  the  other  hand,  while  it  ex- 
presses a  past  occurrence,  at  the  same  time  relates  that  oc- 
currence to  the  present.      The  character  of  this  relation  may 
varv  within  wide  limits.       The  precise  form  it  takes  may  dif- 
fer in  different  languages,  though   the  fundamental    fact    of 
the  relation  remains  the  same.       It  may  simply,  as  is  mostly 
the  case  in  English,  place  the  action  in  a  period  of  time  which 
has  not  yet  entirely  elapsed  ;  in  other  words  it  may,  when  an 
attempt  is  made  to  localize  the  action  in  time,  do  so  by  specify- 
ing a  period  that  includes    the    present    moment,    however 
much  of  the  past  time  already  elapsed  may  be  included.     In 


this  case  the  period  is  virtually  treated  as  present.  Or  it 
may  indicate  with  or  without  specification  of  time,  that  the 
action  reaches  over  and  includes,  if  only  by  virtue  of  a  result- 
ant condition  or  effect,  the  present  moment.  This  is  most- 
ly the  case  in  Greek.  Hence  we  get  the  perfect  exprcssin.q^ 
a  resultant  or  even  an  abiding  condition  :  e.  g.  yiyija-rai  so 
common  in  the  New  Testament,  in  the  sense  "it  stands  writ- 
ten,'' carrving  with  it  the  action  of  permanence  and  perpetui- 
ty and  consequent  authority.  A  particularly  striking  in- 
stance of  this  is  found  in  the  perfect  im])erative  passive : 
eiprjfTffio  "let  stand  as  said  once  for  all,"  "enough,"  "don't  ask 
about  the  matter  again"  and  in  the  words  of  Pilate  yiypa<ffja 
yiypaif>a  "the  inscription  is  unalterable."  Particularly  notice- 
able, as  different  from  English  usage,  are  the  instances  in 
Greek  when  the  act  is  dated  by  means  of  a  definitely  past 
particle,  while  the  tense  conveys  the  notion  that  the  dating 
temporal  expression  hints  at  the  action  only  in  the  direction 
of  the  past,  but  has  no  such  influence  on  the  verbal  force  as 
relating  to  the  pres(Mit. 

The  perfects  like  m^a^  KiKrr^tiai,  etc.,  which  have  become 
in  meaning  real  presents  are  emphatic  proofs  of  this  connec- 
tion of  this  tense  with  the  present  time. 

In  the  collating  of  the  perfect  forms  the  Teubner  text 
has  been  used.  One  page  contains  thirty-two  lines.  .^Vll 
orations  considered  as  spurious  are  bracketed  thus  ().  All 
verb  forms  where  emendations  have  been  made  changing  the 
form  from  some  other  tense  to  a  perfect  are  marked  thus*. 

Many  thanks  are  here  expressed  to  the  numerous 
friends  who  have  aided  in  this  work  by  their  encouragement; 
and  special  thanks  are  due  the  late  Dr.  William  A.  Lamber- 
ton,  Professor  of  Greek,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  for  his 
many  helpful  suggestions  and  criticisms :  and  Dr.  William  X. 
Bates,  Professor  of  Greek,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  f(.r 
reading  the  proof. 

The  Author. 


¥ 


PERIPHRASTICS. 

The  Greek  language  has  ample  facilities  for  periphrases 
and  periphrastic  forms.  With  its  many  participles  and  nu- 
merous auxiliaries,  it  is  a  wonder  that  we  do  not  find  more 
variations  than  actually  do  occur. 

The  perfect  participle  partaking  of  the  force  of  the  per- 
fect tense  naturally  lends  itself  more  easily  than  others  to  the 
periphrastic  use.  As  the  tense  so  often  points  to  the  resultant 
state,  the  participle  inclines  to  the  denotation  and  not  merely 
the  connotation,  of  that  state.  This  being  the  case  it  is  not 
surprising  that  whether  in  the  active  or  the  passive  voice  it 
should  so  often  become  little  more  than  an  adjective.  And, 
as  a  matter  of  fact,  it  is  just  through  its  parallelism  with  the 
adjective,  as  Alexander  has  sfhown,  that  this  periphrastic 
usage  creeps  in.  Other  participles  are  slower  in  taking  this 
step ;  slowest  of  all  is  the  aorist,  in  which  the  verbal  force 
longest  and  most  effectively  resists  this  use  as  a  mere  adjec- 
tive. 

.      PERFECT  INDICATIVE. 

The  perfect  middle  and  passive  of  verbs  whose  stems  end 
in  a  consonant,  are  formed  by  the. third  person  plural  of  the 
present  tense  of  the  verb  "to  be"  and  tlie  perfect  participle  of 
the  verb  being  conjugated.  There  is  no  difference  in  the 
meaning  of  this  form  and  the  regular  perfect  form. 
Lysias.     7-5-6,  12-22-3,  13-92-8,    *i6-6-4,     16-19-6,     19-10-4, 

20-15-2,  22-10-5,  22-20-5,  25-6-4,  25-1 1-7,  30-31-3- 
Isaeus.     3-12-2,  3-12-3,  3-60-1,  3-66-8,  3-79-3»  5-5-3.  6-57-2. 
Hyperides.     6-43-3. 
Dinarchus.     1-89-7,  1-96-2,  2-12-11. 

Aeschines.     1  -34-8,  3-38-9.  3"  •  36-5- 

Isocrates.     5-49-t,  6-65-6,  8-112-1,  12-209-3,  12-263-10,  16-1-6. 

Demosthenes.  1-22-4,  2-11-5,  3-29-8,  19-261-7,  20-117-2, 
21-169-7,  22-39-2,  23-200-12,  23-209-9,  24-2102, 
35-26-9,  35-45-9'  43-68-6,  44-31-5'  53-3-4,  55-8-4« 
57-58-6,  57-66-2,  58-34-11,  58-48-5,  59-88-9'  59-89-4. 


8 


PERFECT  SUBJUNCTIVE. 

The  subjunctive  being:  the  mode  of  anticipation  is  found 
a  number  of  times  in  its  perfect  form  in  the  orators.     AJl  the 
forms  here  noted  are  periphrastic,  no  form  analogous  to  the 
present  has  been  noted. 
Lysias.     4-10-6. 

Isaeus.     *ii-i2-9. 

Lycurgus.    *i-i07-3,  i-i  16-10. 

Aesdhines.     3-58-4,  3-64-7. 

Jsocrates.     5-1 1-3,  5-18-2. 

Demosthenes.  1-8-10,  4-51-2,  8-64-8.  10-66-5,  i3-i5-3« 
i4-i9-3»  15-8-8,  18-178-10,  18-178-14,  18-228-1,  19-2-2, 
19-16-5,  19-185-5,  19-186-1,  19-224-3,  21-9-6,  21-9-6, 
23-94-6,  23-121-10,  2S-122-S,  23-143-5.  25-71-6,  25-99-8, 
31-14-1,  35-54-7.  39-18-5,  41-^1-13.  44-64-6,  58-21-7. 

PERFECT  OPTATIVE. 

The  optative  hke  the  subjunctive  has  been  used  frequent- 
ly and  in  all  cases  but  one  (Lysias  23-3-6)  is  periphrastic  in 
form. 

Andocides.     1-39-7,  1-41-7,  1-63-2. 

Lysias.     *i-i-3,  1-2-2,  1-18-4,  9-4-5,  9-11-6,  12-15-5,  12-82-7, 

18-10-7,  18-10-8,  24-23-3,  *29-i2-3,  31-4-3- 
Isaeus.     1-36-7,  6-41-7,  6-42-1,  7-27-2,  S-22-y,  8-23-8. 
Hyperides.     5-4-4. 
Lycurgus.     1-19-9. 
Aeschines.     2-42-6,  2-155-5. 

Isocrates.     12-74-2,  12-130-6,  14-6-3,  17-11-4,  17-11-5,  21-3-7. 
Demosthenes.     6-28-3,    18-22-4,    19-71-2,    19-134-9,  19-169-4, 

20-82-1,  22-28-3,  23-86-14,  23-86-16,  24-59-12.  24-107-3, 

2g-2y2,  3010-9,  33-18-5,  34-11-6.     34-49-3'     35-31-5. 

35-36-5,  35-36-7.     39-15-7.    42-6-6,    47-34-9.    47-35-2. 

47-38-6,    47-57-4.    48-19-3.    48-44-3.    52-8-4,    52-8-5. 

52-19-3,  52-19-4,    53-6-8,    53-7-10,    53-18-7,    57-44-2, 

58-30-7.  59-69-9. 


r 


.  ^o 


FUTURE  PERFECT.      , 

As  there  is  no  form  for  the  future  perfect  active  in  almost 
all  Greek  verbs,  it  was  necessary  to  resort  to  a  periphrastic 
form  to  express  the  future  perfect  tense  active,  as  well  as  the 
middle  and  passive.  So  we  find  the  perfect  participle  joined 
with  the  future  tense  of  the  verb  "to  be,"  used  to  express  the 
future  perfect  tense. 
Antipihon.  1-8-5,  5-80-4. 
Andocides.     1-72-5,  1-129-4. 

Lysias.     '^5-4-4,  ''12-100-4,  13-97-4,  "22-19-8,  27-8-1,  30-23-9. 
Dinarchus.     2-21-7. 

Isocrates.     6-10-6,  11-27-6,  15-125-5.  15-297-5'  15-297-6. 
Demosthenes.  1-14-7,  3-6-6,  4-50-7.  4-5^-8,  19-336-9.  20-17-6, 

20-166-4,  21-50-6,  22-39-6,  35-56-6,  39-14-6,     39-15-3. 

45-88-8,  52-24-5.  52-33-3'  58-31-2,  59-86-13. 

PLUPERFECT  TENSE. 

The  third  person  plural  of  the  pluperfect  tense  of  verbs 
ending  in  a  consonant  is  formed  from  the  perfect  partici])le 
and  the  third  person  plural  of  the  imperfect  tense  of  the  verb 
'*to  be." 

Antiphon.     6-34-6. 
Andocides.     1-45-12. 

Lysias.     ^12-53-2,  14-10-5,  25-10-6,  27-12-5,  32-18-5. 
Isaeus.     2-28-4. 
Aeschines.     3-154-8,  3-154-9- 
Isocrates.     6-18-3,  7-26-2,  11-8-9,  12-194-5,  12-233-9,  17-34-3- 

17-34-4,  18-1-1. 
Demosthenes.     1-7-6,  4-42-7.     18-201-5,     21-80-9,    21-193-5, 
46-15-5.  48-32-4,  57-15-4.  59-48-1. 


i 

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TITLE 


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Tetralogia  I 


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5 

2 

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12 

5 
5 
5 
5 
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21 


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2.87 
1.66 

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4.00 

430 
1.66 

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4.00 

2.50 

2.28 

2.00 

370 

1.58 


202  2.90 


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9 

z 


TITLE 


1 1  Pro  Csede  Eratosthenis 
2i[Funebri  Oratio] 
31  In  Simonem 
De  V'ulnere  Exindustria 
Illato 

5  [Pro  Callia?   Sacrilegio] 

6  I'Contra  Andocidem  Im- 
pietatis]      .        .    .    • 

7  De  Sacrae  Olivae  Trunco 

8  [Ad  Familiares  Obtrec- 

tares]  

9  [Pro  Milite]       . 

10  Adversus  Theomnestus  I 

11  [AdTcrsus      Theomnes- 

tus   II]  . 

12  Adversus    Eratosthenem 

13  Adversus  Agoratum   . 

14  /\dversus  Alcibiadem    I 

15  [Adversus      Alcibiadem 

II] 

16  Pro  Mantitbeo 

17  De   Publicis   Pecuniis  . 

18  Pro  Bonis  Fratis  Niciae 

19  Pro  Bonis  Aristophanis. 

20  [Pro   Polystrato] 

21  Munerum     Acceptorum 

Apologia        .    .    . 

22  Contra  Mercatores  Fru- 
mentaria     . 

Adversus  Pancleonem  . 
Pro  Impotente 


23 

24 


25  De  Afifectata  Tyrannide 


26 

27 
28 

29 
30 
31 


Contra  Evandrum  . 
Contra  Epicratem  .  . 
Contra  Frgoclem  .  . 
Contra  Philocratera  . 
Contra  Nicomacbum 
Adversus  Philonem  . 


32  Contra  Diogitonem 


33 
34 


Olympiaca 
De  Republica 

Totals  . 


If 


LYSIAS. 


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12 

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10 

2 

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21 

5 
17 

7 
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5 

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341    468^   119        I      12 


36 
48 

38 

15 

8 


4.36 
2.78 

4.22 

363 
6.40 


42  4.00 
34  412 


9 
21 

51 

20 

75 
36 
54 

9 
26 

10 
34 

55 
22 

27 


2.11 

5.60 

8.87 

9.40 

3-72 
I  82 

5-33 

3.60 

5-47 
4-44 
591 
4.31 
293 


5.00 


17 

3 

19 
62 

29 
12 

20 

12 

35 
14 
40 

II 

8 


78 
92 

32 
29 

39 

83 
92 

436 

451 
I  96 

5.60 

5.86 

336 


6'  952I4.17 


JD 

B 

3 

Z 


TITLE 


De  Cleonymi  hered  . 
De  Meneclis  hered   . 
De  Fyrrhi  hered  .    . 
De  Nicostrati  hered  . 
De  Dic3eo£jenis  hered 
6;De  Philoctemonis  here 
7  De  ApoUodori  hered 
8|De  Cironis  hered 
9lDe  Astyphili  hered 
lo,De  Aristarchi  hered  . 
IIiDe   Hagnioe  hered    . 
12  Pro  Euphileto    .    .    - 

Totals 


J 


TITLE 


l![Ad  Demonicura] 
2}  Ad  Nicocleni 

3  Nicocles 

4  Panegyricus  . 

5  Philippus  .  . 
b;  Archidamiis  . 
yJAreopagitica  . 

8  De   Pace 

9  Evai^oras    . 
10  Helena;  Encomion 
IliBusiris 

12  Panathenaicus   . 

13  Contra  Sophistas 

14  Pia'aicus 

15  De  Perinutatione 

16  De  P>ii:is 

17  Trapeziticus  .     . 
l8| Contra  Calliruachura 
IQi/Eginetica  .    .    .    ■ 
20  Contra  Lochitem  . 
21, Contra  Euthymum 


Total« 


12 


ISAEUS. 


V 

> 


V 


00 


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a.    a.^  CLia-;Q-^ 


> 
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18 

19 

30 

23 
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23 
2 


206    200 


4   . 

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41 
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20 

19 
68 

25 
52 

58 
63 

54 

19 
22 

45 
9 


454 


1.81 

1.76 
3.26 

3.51 
4. 1 1 

3-93 
5.90 
432 
2.00 

314 
3.21 

2.66 
346 


ISOCRATES. 


V 

> 
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27 

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10 

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5  1948  4.14 


>     < 


13 


LYCURGUS. 


I 


TITLE 


I  Contra  Leocratem 


Totals 


In  Timarchum  .  .  . 
De  Falsa  Legatione . 
Contra  Ctesiphontem 


Totals 


Contra  Demosthenem 
( Fragmentary. ) 

Pro  Lycophonem  .    . 
(Fragmentary.) 

Pro  Euxenippo  .    .    . 

Contra  Philippum  .    . 

Contra  Athenogenem 

Funebris  Oratio    .    . 

Totals 


In  Demosthenem 
In  Aristogitonem. 
Contra  Philoclem 


> 

V 

** 

u 

V 

•a 

^ 

« 

Pages 

Perfect 
Indicativ 

Perfect 
Participl 

Perfect 
Infinitive 

Perfect 
Subjuncl 

Perfect 
Optative 

Perfect 
Imperati 

3 

Future 
Perfect 

Total 
Perfects 

37H 
37H 

63 
63 

76, 
76 

14 


14! 


AESCHINES. 


52X1  88 
50X!  711 
75>^    126! 


178 


1X8 

99 
138 


285    355 


32  . 

23  • 

27  . 


82 


HYPERIDES. 


3y% 

9 


32)i 


16 
6 

9 

17 


48 


II 

4 

17 

28 


60!     22 


DINARCHUS. 


323/^ 

80 

143 

7^ 

28 

28 

SH 

9 

46 

4SH 

117 

217 

22 


26 


156 


4.13 


156  413 


238  4-55 
195I3.68 


295 


728 


390 


4.09 


35 
25 

34 
12 

32 
53 

131 


3.12 

383 
3.22 

5.88 
4.01 


245 
57 


7-53 
7.60 


59  10.20 

i 

361!  7.91 


14 


DEMOSTHENES. 


1 

E 

z 

TITLE 

Pages 

Perfect 

Indicative 

Perfect          j 
Participle 

Perfect 
Infinitive 

Perfect 
Subjunctive 

Perfect 
Optative 

Perfect 
Imperative 

Pluperfect 
Indicative 

Fut.  Perfect 
Indicative 

Total 
Perfect* 

Average 
Per  page 

I 

Olynthiaca  I    .        .    . 

V^ 

10 

12 

3 

I 

I 

I 

28 

3.86 

2 

Olynthiaca  11  .    . 

8 

17 

22 

5 

•       • 

•    • 

44 

5.50 

3 

Olynthiaca  III    . 

9ys 

24 

12 

2 

.    . 

I 

39 

4.38 

4 

In  Philippum  I 

12^ 

25 

16 

5 

I 

2 

50 

392 

5 
6 

De  Pace  .... 

6 

9 
15 

10 

4 

23 

29 

3.83 
3-68 

In  Philif^pum  II .    . 

7% 

10 

3 

I 

•        * 

7 

"De  Haloneso]  . 

9X 

20 

15 

14 

•        * 

•         • 

49 

5.02 

8 

De  Chersoneso 

iby^ 

18 

16 

12 

•       • 

•          • 

47 

2.84 

9 

In   Philippum  III 

17 

38 

16 

8 

I 

•        • 

•          • 

63 

370 

lO 

[In  Philippum  11 1 1]  . 

17^ 

28 

29 

II 

_ 

«       • 

•          « 

69 

3-94 

II 

Ad  Philippi  Epistolam' 

sVz 

12 

4 

3 

•       • 

t          • 

19 

3-45 

12 

^Epistola   Philippi'     . 

SH 

8 

6 

I 

•       « 

•         • 

15 

2-55 

13 

[De    Republica    Ordi- 

nanda]      

9% 

17 

7 

6 

* 

•         m 

31 

3.39 

14 

De  Classibus    ... 

10% 

5 

"5 

4 

•       • 

• 

25 

2.46 

15 

De    Rhodionum  Liber- 

tate 

8^ 

17 

2 

18 

4 
3 

I 

40 
16 

4.50 
2.13 

i6 

De  Megalopolitis    .    . 

II 

• 

, 

• 

17 

[De    Foedere    Alexan- 

dreoj 

VA 

13 

28 

3 

. 

•        • 

• 

•       • 

• 

44 

6.06 

i8 

De  Corona      .        .    . 

75K 

114 

165 

40 

3 

• 

I 

• 

324 

4.29 

19 

De  Falsa  Legation e   . 

89^ 

225 

254 

75 

5 

3 

■ 

2 

I 

565 

6.31 

20 

Adversus  Leptmem  . 

A3U 

68 

72 

38 

. 

I 

•         • 

2 

182 

4.16 

21 

Adversus  Midi  am    .    . 

5614 

135 

137 

39 

2 

. 

•         « 

I 

314 

5.55 

22 

Adversus  Androtionem 

2I>2 

5^ 

58 

16 

•  • 

• 

. 

1 

132 

6.14 

23 

Adversus  Aristocratem 

S^Vz 

153 

143 

24 

4 

2 

. 

«         • 

•         • 

326 

S.57 

24 

Adversus  Timocratem. 

52 

123 

129 

48 

•        • 

2 

I 

•         • 

• 

303 

582 

25 

Adversus       Aristogito- 

nem   I 

26 

53 

54 

9 

2 

• 

• 

•         • 

118 

4.')3 

26 

[Adversus     Aristogito- 

nem    III 

m 

16 

II 

3 

•         • 

•      • 

•        * 

•         • 

• 

30 

4.44 

27 

In  Aphobum  I     .    .    . 

18/2 

5^ 

42 

16 

•         « 

•       • 

•       • 

•         • 

•         • 

109 

S8q 

28 

In  Aphobum  II 

6/8 

16 

2C 

3 

•         • 

• 

•        • 

. 

39 

6S5 

29 

In  Aphobum  III    ,    . 

I5K 

22 

46 

9 

I 

•         • 

78 

4-9S 

30 

In  Onetorem  I     .    .    . 

9/2 

8 

21 

14 

I 

44 

463 

3« 

In  Onetorem  II   .    .    . 

3^ 

7 

10 

8 

I 

« 

•        • 

26 

7.42 

32 

Adversus     Zenothemi- 

dem 

7/ 

22 

16 

6 

•        • 

^ 

• 

•         • 

•        • 

44 

S86 

33 

Adversus  Apaturium] 

loX 

19 

21 

6 

•         • 

I 

, 

•         • 

47 

458 

34 

[Adversus       Phormio- 

nemj 

13 

21 

15 

18 

•         • 

2 

. 

•         - 

56 

4.30 

35 

FAdversus  Lakritum]  . 

ii;< 

21 

24 

4 

I 

3 

•        • 

• 

I 

S4 

469 

3^ 

Pro  Phormione 

^sVz 

41 

39 

6 

■         • 

•       • 

,        , 

,         , 

•         • 

86 

5  54 

37 

Adversus    Pantcenetum 

14/2 

40 

37 

II 

» 

•       « 

•        • 

•         • 

%         • 

88 

6.07 

38 

Adversus        Nausima- 

chum 

7X 

12 

21 

6 

• 

•        • 

•         • 

39 

5.S7 

39 

Adversus  Boeotum  .    . 

ioj4 

14 

12 

I 

I 

I 

•       • 

•         • 

2 

31 

2-95 

40 

[Adversus  Boeotum 

II] 

iS% 

27 

16 

6 

•     . 

• 

•        » 

•         •     , 

.    . 

49 

3-21 

.  » 


1 


IS 


DEMOSTHENES  (Continued.) 


9 

z 

TITLE 

Pages 

Perfect 
Indicative 

Perfect 
Participle 

Perfect 
Infinitive 

Perfect          \ 
Subjunctive 

Perfect 
Optative 

Peftect 
Imperative 

Pluperfect 
Indicative 

Fut.  Perfect 
Indicative 

Total 
Perfects 

Average 
per  page 

41 

42 

43 

44 
45 
46 

47 

48 
49 
50 
51 
52 
53 
54 
55 
56 
57 
58 

59 
60 

Contra  Spudiam  .    .    . 
AdversusPhainippum] 
^Adversus  Macartatum] 
[Adversus  Leocharem] 
In  Stephanum  I  .    .    . 
[In  Stephanum  II]    . 
[In  Euergem  et  Mnes- 

ibulum] ' 

[In  Olympiodorum]  • 
[Adversus  Timothcum  ] 
[Adversus  Poly  clem]  • 
De  Corona  Trierarchiae 
[Contra  Callipum]  .    . 
[AdversusNicostratum] 
Adversus  Cononem     . 
Contra  Calliclem     .    .     \ 
[Contra  Dionysodorum] 
Contra  Eubulidem  .    . 
[Contra  Theocrinem]  . 
[In  Neaeram]       .    .    . 
[Declamatio  Funebris] 

Totals 

8 

8/ 

1^2  ■ 
17 

2IX, 

6/8 

23X 
14/ 
173/8 
I8X 
sy 
^% 

8 

I2>^ 
8/2 

13 

18^ 
18X 

33 

3:      16 
18      38 

20           25; 

39     53 
69     70 

15      17 

28!     29 
131     II 

20|       18 

"      33 
12      20 

12      10 
II        9 
25      25 
25      21 

36     30 

!       38        36 

1     28      49 
1     37      69 
I     18     31 

! 

'2020  2220 

1             i 

3 
2 

I 

II 

18 

I 

8 
6 

3 
I 

8 

2 

12 

2 

i       7 

9 

13 

14 

II 

1 
1 

1 

;  632 

1   ^ 

I 

I 

I 

29 

1 
II 

•  • 

•  • 

•  • 
• 

4 
2 

• 

•  « 

•  • 

4 
3 

•  • 
■       • 

I 
I 
I 

•  • 
• 

• 

•  • 

I 
I 

•  • 

•  • 

•  • 

•  • 
• 

•  • 

•  • 

I 

•  • 

I 

•  • 

9 

•  • 

•  • 

I 

•  • 

2 

I 
I 

•         • 

23 

59 
46 

104 

158 

34 

69 

33 

41 

45 
40 

30 
26 

62 
48 
73 
85 
93 
123 
60 

2.87 
6.94 
2.48 
6.1 1 

7.43 
5-44 

2.96 
2.27 

2.33 
2.46 

7.11 

3.53 
325 
4.96 

564 
5.61 

4.59 
4.96 

372 
5.85 

1043^ 

371      3 

174967 

i 

4.75 

